Vix Records Coffee Bandwagon

Question: Case Overview Vix Records is thinking about setting recorded music into a non-conventional channel of dispersion. In particular, we are thinking about selling recorded music through Java Wheels, a versatile espresso retailer. Java Wheels will in general offer to more youthful purchasers. Furthermore, more youthful buyers will in general be substantial clients of recorded music. In this way, there has all the earmarks of being some key fit there. Be that as it may, our corporate parent claims an espresso retailer (Frankies Caf). Frankies will in general offer to more established buyers. Be that as it may, we are urged to cooperate with our sister organizations. Thus, cooperating with Java Wheels may cause issues inside in our more extensive organization. At long last, existing physical record stores dislike us looking to grow the appropriation of our items into non-customary channels on the off chance that it implies we diminish their significance and, eventually, their recorded music deals. Anyway , do we hazard estranging our current retailers and perhaps our related organizations by trying to extend the circulation of our item? Talk about on the accompanying points: 1. Customer and Trade Promotions2. Channels of Distribution3. Retailer Mix4. Cross-Functional Efforts in Strategic Planning5. Key Planning6. Development Strategies Answer: 1. Customer and Trade Promotions Customer and exchange advancement are showcasing methodologies for transient objective. Buyer advancements are utilized to build brand mindfulness and market acknowledgment. It prompts the clients to purchase the item or administrations. Exchange advancements are to assist organizations with separating an item, increment item perceivability, and increment the item buy rate. There are different routes through which purchaser and exchange advancements should be possible. The distinctive shopper advancements are refunds, coupons, premiums, challenges, prize, and free examples. Exchange advancements exercises are finished centering the retailers. Impetuses are given to urge the urge retailers to stock an item. It additionally incorporates exchange challenges, purpose of procurement, and push cash, and so on. Vix Records is a merchant of recorder music through Java wheels. Java wheels is a versatile espresso retailer. The focused on clients of both Vix Records and Java Wheels are more you thful. Along these lines, it will be simple reach to greatest customers. Utilizing different buyer advancements exercises the brand mindfulness and market acknowledgment can be expanded, for example, sorting out music challenges and refunding the music CDs alongside espresso. One next to the other, music can be played untouched in their van to expand the deals. Vix Records ought to give motivating forces to Java Wheels to that and furthermore should offer a music framework to Java Wheels. It will be valuable for both Vix Records and Java Wheels to make the brand mindfulness and to expand the deals. 2. Channels of Distribution Channels of dispersion are the ways or courses through which merchandise or administration go from makers to end client that mean shoppers. It is additionally called as conveyance arrange along which comprise of wholesalers, selling operators and go between. Be that as it may, it is to be noticed that the computerized dispersion channel will be increasingly gainful, simpler and shorter for Vix Recordss merchants, selling specialists, purchasers. This evacuates the job of wholesalers. The circulation channel way can resemble the merchants can gain the privilege for conveying the music from different web, sell that music on internet, from where the buyers can procure the music or download through web (Cianci). This is on the grounds that, since the objective clients of Vix Records are new age individuals and they are increasingly intrigued towards new gadgets like iPod, advanced arrangement, new gadgets, electronic installments because of occupied way of life and reliance on web advanc es. This computerized dissemination channel would give the open door towards new levels (Dent). 3. Retailer Mix There exist six unique components of retail promoting blend for VixRecords (Cox and Brittain): Store Location: VixRecords ought to make a store that is very helpful for the youths or the new age individuals to visit at their relaxation time like, close to their colleges or stops or close to the cafeterias which they visit frequently during their recreation time. Product collection like giving diverse music chains like music or collections of various vocalists, markdown music store that offering a few pleasantries and so forth. Store atmosphere of Viz record can incorporate wi-fi office for the adolescent and region to sit and talk with their companions, while tuning in to the most recent melodies of the artists. Further, they can likewise concentrate on changing the atmosphere of the store as indicated by the celebrations like Christmas, Valentines Day and so forth (Michman and Mazze). Client assistance like the organization can give substitution to the CDs or helping the youths with their inquiries 24X7. Cost: Since the adolescents are for the most part the school or school going understudies. They probably won't have enough cash to purchase every single most recent collection. In this way, the primary thing that should be possible is decreasing the costs of the CDs or the collections they are searching for and furthermore setting up a devotion enrollment card for the bringing customers back. Correspondence with the clients should be possible through mail and SMS about the most recent accessibility in the store and furthermore about the rebate and offers. 4. Cross Functional endeavors in vital arranging Viz Record need to facilitate with the tasks of Java Wheels as they are additionally focusing on the new age. Working together the tasks would assist with surveying nature of the firm and furthermore evaluate the gracefully chain of the association which would assist with deciding the continuing worth. As such, Viz Record needs to characterize the issues and furthermore discover different alternatives that would assist with managing the issues. Through reconciliation of different tasks like promoting, deals, conveyance channel, money and activity would assist with arranging various exercises for satisfying the rising needs of the youthful age from the music business (Oliva and Watson). 5. Vital Planning So as to expand deals, Vix Records needs to receive a few vital arrangement, for example, Offer to Customer Need: In these digitalized days, dominant part of individuals listen music utilizing a few electronic gadgets, for example, cell phone, PC, music player, and so forth. Be that as it may, in creating nations the patterns of listen music by means of CDs proceed. In this manner, Vix Records needs to comprehend the requirements and requests of client particularly the requests of youthful age individuals. Greater part of youngsters requests for hard rock music. Along these lines, Vix Records needs to stores CDs of hard shaking music in their stores. Improvement of Attitude: The staffs of worker inside the stores alongside senior supervisors need to show pleasant conduct towards clients. At the point when client visit in the stores of Java Wheels they need to take care more and give data about CDs exclusively. It jars help in inspiring shopper and purchasing CDs from the store of Vix Records. 6. Development methodologies For improving the business gainfulness, commitment of client is fundamental. Be that as it may, so as to draw in client, Vix Records needs to receive a few development methodologies in bith inside and remotely. So as to improve the business association needs to create and plan new items, for example, music CDs of hard music, exciting music, a few sorts of pop tunes, and so forth. Aside from that, association needs to give limits in their old CDs particularly in the special seasons. It can help in expanding deals on the grounds that in occasions larger part of client visits in a few store. Additionally, so as to expand deal, Vix Records needs to include more music player and give the chances to clients to testing the music CDs. From the perspective of outer development, Vix Records needs to include system of joint endeavors. Joint endeavor with the few eatery associations, for example, Dubai Creek Yacht Club, The Farm, and so forth will be better development techniques since individuals for the most part visit in café industry as opposed to other. References Cianci, Philip J. Innovation And Workflows For Multiple Channel Content Distribution. Amsterdam: Focal, 2009. Print. Cox, Roger, and Paul Brittain. Retail Management. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2000. Print. Scratch, Julian. Dissemination Channels. London: Kogan Page, 2011. Print. Michman, Ronald D, and Edward M Mazze. Forte Retailers. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books, 2001. Print. Oliva, Rogelio, and Noel Watson. 'Cross-Functional Alignment In Supply Chain Planning: A Case Study Of Sales And Operations Planning'. Diary of Operations Management 29.5 (2011): 434-448. Web.

Antigone Essays (2117 words) - Antigone, Civil Disobedience, Operas

Antigone Subsequent to topping off your gas-chugging SUV, you stroll into the comfort store to pay for the gas and purchase a pop. Going after the Diet Coke, your eye gets on something as a man strolls past you. It is a sparkle, or a gleam. Simply the light bobbing off the keys, you think. You get the pop and shut the entryway that is currently hazed up because of the warm air. As you pivot, turmoil gets through the calm, and everyone is jumping for the ground. Very baffled, you simply remain there, seeing everyone, thinking about what the heck is going on. And afterward you see it. The man that strolled by you has a firearm in his grasp and is waving it around like an implement. Luckily, he hasn't seen you remaining because of the high retires. He points the firearm directly at the clerk. It is as of now when you should choose whether you are courageous or a quitter. You need to choose whether you can take care of this circumstance or on the off chance that you are simply going to lay on the floor with every other person. Being courageous is extreme. It takes a great deal of fortitude and solidarity to accomplish something that individuals would see, to be a person. Sophocles builds up a character in his play ?Antigone? that is the meaning of fearless and valiant. Her name is Antigone. She is an individual since she goes to bat for what she accepts is correct, despite the fact that it might conflict with the laws made by man. Antigone's uncle, Creon, has pronounced that Polynices, Antigone's dead sibling, may not be covered or grieved because of the way that he battled against his home development. Also, anybody that challenges this law will be rebuffed by death. Antigone, notwithstanding, immovably accepts that her sibling merits the correct internment and service that any officer would get. ? He's my sibling. Yours as well, on the off chance that you have overlooked. No one will be ready to state I deceived my own sibling? (36). Notwithstanding the result of death, Antigone finishes her convictions and gives her sibling the correct function for a dead officer. Via bringing through with her convictions, Antigone gives her quality and fearlessness, yet additionally her responsibility to her family. Family is essential to Antigone, particularly since the demise of her dad and mom. What's more, since her two siblings are dead, all that is left is her sister. ?Sister, recollect what befallen our dad! ?Consider the way that we're such's left of our family? (41, 46-47). The way that Antigone is currently alone with her sister just makes her craving to respect her family considerably more grounded. She has an extremely energetic soul that can't and won't be squashed by man's law or the results. Antigone groups a capacity that empowers her to follow her heart and that makes her an extremely solid and capable character. You choose to be bold and valiant and to stop the shooter before he can hurt anybody. You understand how risky weapons can be and the end product of being shot. The idea that you could be harmed or even pass on from your activities crosses through you mind. Be that as it may, you feel as though you have to do this. Your pride reveals to you that you can do it, that you ought to do it. So you do, you attempt to stop the shooter. Pride can be an amazing inclination that drives individuals to do things that they would prefer truly not to do. Antigone's pride is her trademark ruin. Toward the start of the play, she chats with her sister, Ismene, about giving their dead sibling an appropriate internment. Antigone requests Ismene's assistance and discloses to Ismene the outcomes of overstepping the law for covering their sibling. Now, in any case, Antigone doesn't completely understand the truth. Her pride is surpassing her and advising her to kick the bucket with respect. Respect is the w atchword, as that is the thing that Antigone thinks will happen to proceeding with this demonstration. ?I'm not apprehensive. In the event that I should kick the bucket, at any rate I won't pass on the most noticeably awful of passings ? a passing without respect?

Review on To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

Review on To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee To kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Jul 16, 2019 in Book Review To kill a Mockingbird is a 1960 novel by Harper Lee. The book appeared right at the moment of the growing civil rights movement and immediately became successful, attracting controversy. The plot, as well as the characters of the story, is loosely based on Harper Lees observations of her own family and neighbors. In spite of the fact that much of the background for To kill a Mockingbird came from Harper Lees childhood experiences, the plot is primarily drawn from the authors imagination. The novel wins the hearts of its readers with its simplicity, humor and warmth, however, at the same time it makes the readers think about such serious issues as racial inequality and rape among others. The primary themes ofHarper Lees novel are such important themes as the destruction of innocence and racial injustices. However, To kill a Mockingbird involves issues of gender roles, class, courage, and compassion in the AmericanDeep South. The novel fosters tolerance and decries prejudice. Harper Lees book explores the moral nature of people - that is, what makes a person good or evil. The author approaches this question through dramatization of the transition of Scout and Jem from a perspective of childhood innocence, while they were good as they have never seen what is evil, to the perspective of adults, when they have met evil and must include it into their new understanding of the world. Order now Live Chat Harper Lee raises a question of how children are taught to make their movement from innocence to adulthood. However, To kill a Mockingbird proclaims that not everybody is ready for this transition from innocence to experience of knowing what is hatred, ignorance, and prejudice. This is shown by the author through Tom Robinson and Boo Radley who were not prepared to encounter evil, and, were destroyed, as a result. Richard McRoberts adds, The fictional trial and shooting of Tom Robinson is a painful reminder of the real life persecution and murder of African Americans (negroes and blacks) over several centuries (6). Atticus Finch is a moral voice ofTo Kill a Mockingbird. He is the one who has experienced and comprehended what is evil, maintaining his faith in the capacity for goodness of a human. Atticus Finch understands that people are not the creatures of good or evil only, they have both bad and good qualities. Through this character, Harper Lee calls her readers to appreciate the good values and try to understand the bad ones. Andrew Haggerty argues, If Atticus Finch embodies the moral values that Lee intends her novel to champion. These values are primarily expressed through his defense of Tom Robinson, doomed to be found guilty of a crime he did not commit because he is black and his accuser is white. How one judges Atticuss failed defense of Tom against the pervasive and sickening racism of the society Lee so vividly depicts, is ultimately how one judge the novel (47). From the moral lesson to Scout and Jem, the author tries to show that people should live with conscience with keeping hope and without becoming cynical. Throughout the novel Atticus Finch teaches Scout and the readers of the novel to view the world from the perspective of forgiveness and understanding. To Kill a Mockingbird is full of simplicity, humor and warmth, but at the same time, the novel touches such serious themes as racial inequality, rape, gender roles, class, courage, and compassion.Through the characters of the novel, Harper Lee tries to raise such important questions as movement from innocence to adulthood of children and what makes a person good or evil. To kill a Mockingbird teaches people to be good and to try to understand each other instead of judging subjectively.

Company Profile The Lego Group - 2181 Words

PART 1: COMPANY PROFILE – THE LEGO GROUP 1. What Company did you select and why? The company I selected is the Lego Group. The company is well known for its popular construction toy brand, Lego. The company is still privately owned by the original family who established it in 1932 which is the Kirk Kristiansen family. Its headquarter is based in Billude, Denmark. The core product of the company, the Lego brick, is available in more than 130 countries around the world (Klausen, 2012). In 2014, the Lego group becomes the world s top toy manufacturer by outperforming Mattle, an American toy brand with its famous Babie dolls (Billing, 2014). The reason why I selected the Lego Group company is that I want to study their business strategies that help them survive tough competition in the toy industry, their success in this business for over 80 years, and also how they recently beat girls favorite Babie doll company, Mattel. 2. What business does the company operate in? Products When people hear the name â€Å"Lego†, the first thing that comes to their mind usually is the Lego brick. There are actually several kinds of products that the company offers in the market such as video games, amusement parks which cooperate with Merlin Entertainment (Merlin Entertainment, n.d.), magazines which are published by Dorling Kindersley (Dorling Kindersley, n.d.), and other licensed products.In this case, the paper will mainly focus on their core product which is Lego classical products.Show MoreRelatedThe Case Of Lego : Change Of Strategy1171 Words   |  5 Pages 3. THE CASE OF LEGO CHANGE OF STRATEGY The company LEGO (Appendix 1), was far from the reality when in the year 2000 the famous Bricks were named as ‘the toy of the century’ by Fortune Magazine. the numbers were reflecting a different reality when in 2003 and 2004 the losses were of more than $400m on annual sales of over $1b (Lego case of study 2014). Once they analysed what were the main issues that led the company into that situation, two were the main problems. First of all, the product portfolioRead MoreLego Swot889 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieving that objective. The technique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a research project at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies.[1] Lego Education Strenght: 1. many different kind of sets are available on the market 2. †Fun†education /playeful learning/ 3. Exciting content 4. Many activities 5. Sorted activity programs by ages 6. HelpfulRead MoreVisual Ad Analysis On Video Games1577 Words   |  7 Pagesthat children are missing class because of video games, though. We are worried that they are murdering their classmates because of video games.† One prime example of the effects of video games and television is illustrated in a lego ad created by DDB Communications Group in early 2009. The ad uses numerous strategies such as violent images and thought provoking captions to not only appeal to the audience’s values, but also to create an impactful impression that pushes their product to the next levelRead More Hasbro, Inc. Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesHasbro, Inc. Business Organization and Management Corporate Profile The twentieth century, especially the past fifty years, has certainly been a time of enormous change. Products have changed, the business of manufacturing and marketing toys has changed and the needs and desires of consumers who buy toys have changed. The majority of the world’s toys are now manufactured in the Far East. Perhaps the greatest change in the toy industry has been in the way that toys are sold by incorporatingRead MoreLego Group, Marketing and Operation Management Report Essays3303 Words   |  14 PagesFOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT (PART A) LEGO Group Marketing and Operations Management Report Prepared: For: LEGO Group By: Éva Gaà ¡l On: 17 November 2008 Introduction At the request of the LEGO Company, this report advises the company on the expansion of its operation based on market segmentation, appropriate marketing mix, new product design and development, including total quality management for outsourcing new partners. LEGO Group is the fifth-largest toy manufacturer ofRead MoreLego Essay2182 Words   |  9 Pages | | | | | |[LEGO DUPLO MARKETING REPORT] | |[ Read MoreLego: Building for the Future1964 Words   |  8 PagesLEGO: Building for the future A Comprehensive Case Abrar Ahmad Shakeel Anjum Ali Qurashi Group Members Khuram Shahzad Fahad Insha Figure Outline Introduction Situation Analysis Problem Identification (Main Sub) We will be approaching this case by first analyzing situation broadly and then narrowing down our focus right to the problem and conclusion stage Alternative Development Evaluation Selection Implementa tion Recomm endation Time Of Case †¢Year 1999 Read MoreLego Case3687 Words   |  15 Pagesvarious concepts applied by LEGO as a part of the IMC programme 8 (a) POSITIONING STRATEGY AND POSTIOING TACTICS 8 (b) BRAND NARRATIVES 9 (c) BRAND ENCOUNTERS 10 (d) BRAND COVERSATIONS 12 QUESTION 3. Critical evaluation of LEGO’s post 2004 IMC programme 13 CONCLUSION 16 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..............†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 INTRODUCTION The LEGO company corporate brand was created in 1932 and for decades it has acted as a strong umbrella brand guiding LEGO through vase internationalRead MoreLego s Impact On The World s Leading Brands1901 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction LEGO is a Danish company that was established in 1932. LEGO started in a small carpenter’s shop and has transformed into one of the world’s largest toy companies and most recognizable brands (lego.com). Specifically, LEGO produces small plastic bricks that can be put together to create larger creations. Bricks are sometimes sold in packs that create a specific creation, such as Star Wars ships or police stations, or they can be sold in packs that let the consumers make their own creationsRead MoreEnvironmental Ngos And Global Environmental Issues1857 Words   |  8 Pagesraising public awareness and collective action from below (McCormick 2005: 92). Environmental NGOs, ‘agent of change’ works in all both levels; political sphere and civil society (Ford 2011:27). At political level, environmental NGOs act as a pressure group and lobbyist to government and TNCs. Another level is civil society in which environmental NGOs acts in domestic levels - within th e nation boundaries, and also in global level, consequently there is part of possibility of global civil society in which

Students With Disabilities Act Of The United States

As of late Syracuse University has been home to a large protest group known as THE General Body. This group’s aim is to bring about change in multiple areas on campus, one of which is disability services. THE General Body has pointed out that this university does not fully meet the requirements stated by the Americans with Disabilities act of 1990. Throughout their list of grievances THE General Body goes through very specific examples of what needs to be changed. It is their hope that Syracuse University will recognize these issues and work toward an acceptable solution. If the University can achieve this, any changes made will greatly improve the school as a whole. In 1990 a bill was passed called the Americans with Disabilities†¦show more content†¦The first area of accommodations needed to be altered is physical. As THE General Body points out there are many areas on campus that are not completely accessible to those with disabilities. The groups main concerns are with Falk college, bathroom accessibility, and in some cases a complete lack of access into a building. In the full list of grievances THE General Body shares that while under construction, an auditorium was purposefully not made to meet ADA code. When asked, a contractor involved in the renovation admitted that creating the necessary changes would be too expensive. Although this is the only example of a lack of a physical accommodation due to finances mentioned in the list of grievances, it can almost be assured that there are numerous instances mirroring this one. The next architectural issue discussed is the lack of handicap bathrooms in dorms higher than the first flo or. This prevents students with disabilities to be mixed throughout floors while living on campus, and having the same social opportunities as anyone else. Lastly it is mentioned that some areas on campus are completely or partially inaccessible to those with disabilities. Some examples given are The financial aid office and the bursar’s office. Each one of these can be vital to a students time at Syracuse and need to available to all students. The next set of accommodations needed to be provided are

Lilly s Long Term Debt Ratio - 1496 Words

2011. Pfizer’s debt ratio has also been above the benchmark since 2009, but it has been lower than Lilly’s. Lilly’s long-term debt-to-equity ratio was over the benchmark during the year 2008 and 2009 but stayed below 1.0 in the other years. It should be noted that Lilly’s debt ratio has declined during the period, whereas, Pfizer’s increased. Although, Lilly’s long-term debt-to-equity ratio appears to be good, its total debt-to-equity ratio, which is much more comprehensive, is above the reasonable limit and indicates that the firm has more debt than equity. Thus, weakening its long-term financial position. Summary of Firm-level Inherent Risks The following factors could either increase or decrease firm-level inherent risks for Lilly’s†¦show more content†¦Management Incentives Eli Lilly is a profitable company and is one of the top pharmaceutical firms. The company has faced losses in the year 2008 but appears to have been recovering strongly. While Lilly has much lower earnings than its competitor, Pfizer, Lilly’s ROA and ROE are substantially higher than Pfizer. However, Lilly’s earnings fell by 14.2% in the year 2011, and ROA and ROE also fell during the period. Its P/E ratio fell substantially since 2008 due to the market’s lack of optimism about Lilly’s future. Lilly’s management is under considerable pressure to reverse the declining trend. Thus, management would have incentives to manipulate the areas of accounting that require judgment call like revenue recognition policies and valuation allowances to boost in earnings in 2011. Account-level Inherent Risk Valuation Allowances Accounts Receivable The comparison of Lilly’s days receivables with changes in their valuation allowance reveals an unusual pattern. During 2009 Lilly’s days receivable increased, but its valuation allowance decreased. This was a year after the company incurred losses, this could have been a management attempt to increase net income to help demonstrate company’s recovery. During the year 2011, Lilly’s days receivable fell slightly while its allowance increased by 0.8 percentage points. However, this pattern is inconsistent

Social Science for Cultural Responsive Practices- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSocial Science for Cultural Responsive Practices. Answer: Introduction Social science is concerned with the environment and the relationship that one has. The study focuses on the relationship an individual has with the people around them. This study largely focuses on the children and young people. This is because they are the ones who always are affected by numerous problems if they are not brought up in a good social environment (Connolly Morris, 2011). Organizations have come up with children welfare programs so that they can teach them to interact and associate with the people around them well. For example in the case study, the organization has been able to come up with strategies and models that are being used to train and teach the affected children on the best ways of interacting with their environment. Cultural Responsive Practices Cultural sensitive practices are acts that have been taking place both in the family and society at large for a long period. The practices are carried on from parents to their children as it is practiced all in the limelight. The practices may be able to affect the children thus making the kids behave in a way that is abnormal. Securing safety and belonging of a child is an essential activity that parents have to take into consideration. Securing safety of the kids is the act at which the security of the children is put at the forefront (Geffner, Igelman, Zellner, 2014). This is protecting the children from all kinds of harm that may affect the children in all the aspects. Children should also be taken care of so that they can have the feeling of belonging. This will also help them when it comes to exploring their social life. Application of Empowerment Theory and Strengths Theory Joes situation has been in the position to make his parents make a step forward to look for medical assistance. This is because of the condition that their son is in at the moment. Joe has been seen to have a problem that is affecting his relationship with other people around him. Therefore, his parents needs an empowerment to help Joe boost his self-esteem. The empowerment will have to include all the activities that will make him feel that he is in the position to stay strong and back to normal. This will also strengthen his ability to well interact with others in the school he has been enrolled to (Masten, 2014). The empowerment theory connote that individuals should be equipped with the necessary resources to achieve their goals. Likewise, should be undertaken through all crucial steps to recover from the effects of the abusive character. Therefore, the family should be in the position to spend more time with Joe so that he will be able to develop the kind of qualities that are r equired and those that his parents want him to have as long as it is good. Health organizations have higher chances of strengthening and empowering Joes parents. Effects of Substance Abuse on Parenting Substance abuse by the parents or guardian has been seen to have a negative effect on the children. It affects the children as the parents do not have time to take care and monitor their childrens behavior. The kids slowly adopt the behavior of the parents, and so this makes the kids grow with the same character (Fernando, Ferrari, 2013). The mental development of the children will also not develop well because of the abusive behavior of their children. Parenting children with disability has been viewed as so demanding that parents lack enough time to engage in other important activities. The kids are so demanding in a way that they cannot survive without the parents (Dare, Donovan, 2013). When the parents are not strong, they are also seen to be in the position to develop depression because of the pressure that they are having the children. Enhancement of Joes Well-Being Joe should be introduced to a program that will have to ensure that he can exercise all his abilities. The program will entail teachings that involve good and bad attributes. The therapy will be able to help him adopt the right behaviors and characters (Turnell, Edwards, 2012). It will also involve teaching him on the importance of staying together with other people and being good to the people around him. Conclusion In conclusion, the well-being of kids and how they operate and interact with the people around them is always aided by the way the child has been brought up. The kind of environment that we expose our children will have to directly determine the kind of child that a parent is taking care of. Good attributes, good character and spending time with the children will have to make the kids develop a sense of belonging. References Connolly, M. Morris, K. (2011).Understanding child and family welfare: statutory Responses to children at risk. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Dare, A. Donovan, M. (2013).Good practice in child safety. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Fernando, C. Ferrari, M. (2013).Handbook of resilience in children of war. New York, NY:Springer. Geffner, R., Igelman, R. Zellner, J. (2014).The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Children. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Masten, A. (2014).Ordinary magic: resilience in development. New York: The GuilfordPress. Turnell, A. Edwards, S. (2012).Signs of safety: a solution and safety oriented approach to Child protection. New York: Norton.

Jeffrey Santos Essays (1229 words) - Mass Media, Digital Media

Jeffrey Santos 2/11/2018 Prof. Tangredi Intro to Media End of Section Essay: Introduction: When power of images comes into play, it allows the image or the photographer of that image to resemble that picture in a way that may change our whole perspective. Every day of our lives, we have to deal with media posts on the internet, news, social media, etc... These images are something that we cannot get away from and something that sometimes helps us understand things. After reading these three interesting pieces all about "The Power of Images", I came to realize that they have some correspondence within each other. They all seem to portray some type of message and at times these messages can be the same or very similar to one another. How people have a natural instinct to help one another when people are hurt or in danger is one that many will seem to find themselves doing frequently. Images can also change how we think and push us to feel a certain way which also change how we act and approach things. When people see images they tend to place themselves into th e image and imagine if they were in that situation which is why this reason is relevant. Lastly, images have lots of power and at times these simple pictures sometimes refine the way we think in many ways. Images have a stronger effect on us than you may think and I believe it is time to realize how important they are to our everyday lives. Description and Analysis: In the podcast about Aylan Kurdi and the 9/11 boatlift video, these two pieces firmly showed us how people will do anything to help one another if they are in need or in danger. Aylan Kurdi was a little three year old boy who was washed up on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. There was a picture presented to us in the Aylan story that showed a man trying to save Aylan from dying. When the man saw the little boy washed up on the shore he felt the need to try and help the little boy. When people see others in danger, they have a natural instinct to help that person or persons to get them to safety and to save their lives. Similarly to the Aylan case, in the 911 boat lift a man named Vincent Ardolino had a boat called the Amberjack and at the time he was sitting home with his wife. As soon as he heard about the planes crashing into the buildings and people trying to escape the island, he immediately told his wife "I've got to do something; I'm going to take t he Amberjack up into the city and help." Although Vincent put himself into serious danger, he surpassed that fear to help save the lives of the people in need. Vincent also said that "The thing that was the best was that everyone helped everyone." We live in a society today where at times its "I don't like this one or I hate that one," but when it comes down to it, people will help people if they have the courage. These images portray a strong sense of realization of how people do have some good in them and we must realize that although people do bad things, not everyone is bad. Sometimes pictures have the ability to change your view on things and make you think outside of the box. In the TED talk with Johnathan Klein of Getty images, he explains to us how the most iconic pictures have the ability to push us to question of our core beliefs and our responsibilities to each other. He then gives the examples of the Vietnam War and the little white girl burned in Napalm. When people see these images they tend to feel a certain way whether it's sorrow or remorse. He then gives an interesting point at the end of his speech when he gives the audience a chance to look away or address these pictures and that basically determines your moral high ground. Likewise, in the TED talk with Patrick Chappatte discussing his cartoons and how they illuminate ideas, he also believes that his cartoons can change

Munchausen Syndrome essays

Munchausen Syndrome essays A middle aged woman complaining of an abnormally high fever; a thirty-something blue collar worker having multiple seizures a day; a college student mysteriously contracting infection after infection. Is this a medical mystery, or are the patients intentionally harming themselves for the attention that their illness gives them? Strangely enough, many patients either feign their condition or infect themselves with disease in order to attract medical attention. How is this psychological illness different than hypochondria? With the condition known as hypochondria, people experience physical symptoms of illnesses, and find themselves frequenting doctors offices, believing that they are truly sick. However, in Munchausen syndrome, the sufferer knows that he or she is not ill at all, but seeks medical attention in order to gain attention he/she feels cannot be gained in any other manner. In some cases of Munchausen syndrome, the sufferer will even inflict harm upon him/herself in order to make become sick or hurt in such a way that medical attention is required. Widely misunderstood even by health professionals, factitious disorders must be considered in a modern perspective instead of the historical view, which erroneously groups all factitial patients under one extreme category. The term Munchausen Syndrome was introduced by Dr. Richard Asher in 1951 in a paper he wrote for the British medical journal, Lancet. Dr. Asher described this illness as a common syndrome which most doctors have seen, but about which little has been written. Like the famous Baron von Munchausen, the persons affected have always traveled widely; and their stories, like those attributed to him, are both dramatic and untruthful. Accordingly, the syndrome is respectfully dedicated to the baron, and named after him. Munchausen Syndrome is actually a misnomer. Baron Karl Friedrich Hieronymus von Munchausen (1720-1791) was actually an ...

Financial accounting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial accounting - Research Proposal Example Asset Liabilities Equity Income Expenses. UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS Two core assumptions applied while making financial statements are: 1. Accrual Basis: Accrual basis of accounting record the revenues when realized and incur expense when they occur. All the income and expenses are recorded in the accounting record when they actually occur not at the time when cash has flown in or out of the business activity. Therefore in accrual base accounting all the records are reported in the financial statements in the period to which they relate to. Example: Following example adopted from Gibson, Charles H., 1998. Financial Statement Analysis: Using Financial Accounting Information, 7th Ed. South Western. Slight numerical values have been altered. Suppose: 1. Manufacturing concern sold merchandise for $15,000 on credit this year. This merchandise cost $900 when purchased last year. 2. It purchases inventory this year in the amount of $20,000 on credit. 3. Paid to suppliers f merchandise $13,000 this year. 4. Collects cash sales $7,000. Accrual Basis Cash Basis Sales $ 15,000 COGS $ 9,000 Income $ 6,000 Receipts (inflow) $ 7,000 Payment (outflow) $ 13,000 Loss ($ 6,000) It is seen that accrual basis shows a profitable position where else cash basis indicates a loss. Cash basis doesn't indicate the time period for the recognition of revenue and occurrence of cost. It shows the cash inflows and outflows. For this purpose separate statement is prepared whish shows the cash position and named as Statement of Cash flow. When using accrual basis of accounting,...The end users of the financial statements can be customers, investors, suppliers, government agencies, student body, economist or general public. The International Accounting Standard Board, a privately owned body based in London presented a document in July 1989 which became framework for the preparation & presentation of financial statements. On this framework all the IAS are based and determine the financial statement preparation and the information they contain. Accrual basis of accounting record the revenues when realized and incur expense when they occur. All the income and expenses are recorded in the accounting record when they actually occur not at the time when cash has flown in or out of the business activity. Therefore in accrual base accounting all the records are reported in the financial statements in the period to which they relate to. It is seen that accrual basis shows a profitable position where else cash basis indicates a loss. Cash basis doesn't indicate the time period for the recognition of revenue and occurrence of cost. It shows the cash inflows and outflows. For this purpose separate statement is prepared whish shows the cash position and named as Statement of Cash flow. Going concern assumption believes that business entities will remain in business for indefinite period of time. That the operations will continue in the future years.

Competitive brand management plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Competitive brand management plan - Assignment Example The brand activation at this occasion will allow the Co operative healthy brand to build strong relationship with the consumers by helping them to form New Year’s resolution regarding healthy eating and lifestyle. This will also make it easy for the Co operative healthy brand to develop direct associations in the mind of the customers between healthy eating and the Co operative healthy brand. Background Situation: There has been drastic increase in the overall obesity rate all over the globe. In the region of UK around quarter of the adult population are classified as obese (NHS, 2012). This in turn has increased the health concerns among the people. The consumers are shifting towards healthier lifestyle and are giving preference to the healthy and balanced food items as shown in the image below: (Kimmell, 2009) There has been growing shift in the overall consumer purchase behaviour as consumers are giving preference to the foods and drinks which are providing more health bene fits as shown in the image below: (Datamonitor, 2009) This increasing preference for the healthy food items has provided opportunity to the health retailers and supermarkets to provide the customers with different health foods. This in turn has given rise to different own health brands. Co operative food healthy brand is also competing in this category and is trying to increase the market penetration and improve the overall brand image. Brand Positioning: Brand positioning is used in order to present and describe the competitive advantage of a particular brand against other competitors in the industry. This means that brand positioning presents how the brand will compete with the competitors in effective and efficient manner. It is important to keep in consideration different elements and factors in order to come up with effective and long lasting brand positioning (Kapferer, 2008). Goals and Objectives: The goal of the co operative healthy brand is to become the most preferred heal thy brand in the region by increasing overall awareness of its healthy products and encouraging the consumers to shift towards healthy life style and eating. For achieving this goal certain brand objectives have to be fulfilled, which are as follow: The co operative healthy brand should increase the interaction with consumers in order to improve the overall brand awareness and image The co operative healthy brand should provide customers with more value and benefits The co operative food have to provide more promotion and shelf space to its own healthy brands The co operative food healthy brand should improve the overall brand experience of the customers Brand Inventory: It is important for the brand to maintain and manage attractive and easy to access brand inventory in order to increase the brand interaction and awareness. The brand inventory can include brand colour, the logo, tag line, and even the physical location (Keller, 2008). The Co operative food and healthy brand use gre en and other fresh colours

Relationship Between Motivational Beliefs and Education

Relationship Between Motivational Beliefs and Education Background to Research Adequately meeting the varying needs of an increasingly diverse population of students is a major challenge for education. To face this challenge educational researchers have explored a variety of areas within the students educational experience to examine the effects on students. Many studies of the experiences, characteristics and needs of students at various grade levels and age groups have been conducted. There is a general consensus that the needs, interests, preferences and characteristics of the students change with the social, economic, and technological changes around them. Provision of the best environment and conditions that support better learning and development of students is on the educational reform agenda worldwide (UNESCO, 1998). Research has emphasized the need and importance of students views and opinions about their learning experiences, while planning and providing supportive conditions and facilities for learning (Leckey Neill, 2001, Nicholls, 2002). The Islamic Republic of Pakistan came into being in 1947. It has an estimated population of 164.8 Million (Population Census organization, 2008) with an overall literacy rate of 51.6 % (Government of Pakistan, 2005). Education in Pakistan is divided into five levels, Primary (grades one through five), Middle (grades six through eight), High (grades nine and ten, leading to Secondary School certificate), Intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a higher Secondary School Certificate), and Higher Education (education above grades 12) leading to a bachelor degree (BA/BSC) after two years of study mostly at affiliated colleges. A Masters Degree or Postgraduate degree is mostly undertaken at universities and requires another two years of study. At the time of independence in 1947 there were only two universities, the University of the Punjab, Lahore and the University of Dhaka. At present there are 67 universities in the public sector and 57 in the private (Higher Education Commission, 2005). Currently there are approximately 32, 8603 students enrolled in postgraduate programmes (MA/MSc) with more females (53%) than males currently enrolled (Government of Pakis tan, 2003). Since independence the quality of education at all levels has been a concern in Pakistan. Most of the efforts directed at quality enhancement have been targeted towards primary and secondary education, but during late 1990s higher education became the major concern of the government and this has been expressed in its policies and plans (Government of Pakistan, 1998, 2004, 2005). Responding to unprecedented expansion in higher education, formalized and systematic quality assurance mechanisms began to evolve in the early 2000s, with the establishment of Higher Education Commission (HEC). Most of the efforts at reform designed to improve the quality of higher education have been directed toward physical inputs, teacher training, and material resources (Government of Pakistan, 2004, 2005). There has also been increasing recognition that conventional approaches to curriculum, pedagogy and organization in higher education do not always lead to excellence and quality (Government of Pakistan , 2001). However what is missing in these discussion concerning strategies for enhancing quality of higher education in Pakistan is students opinions about their learning and their learning experiences. Being a part of the higher education community in Pakistan, issues of higher education quality have been of increasing concern and interest to me. My experience of teaching at the University of the Punjab (Lahore), Pakistan, during the last ten years have led to the development of an interest in the study of motivational beliefs and learning experiences of the postgraduate students. The University of the Punjab is one of the oldest and largest universities of Pakistan. Established in the 1882, the University is comprised of 4 Campuses, 13 Faculties, 9 constituent colleges, and 64 Departments and Centers. Currently students feedback about their learning is obtained at the level of individual units or courses but there is no systematic procedure for evaluating students overall experience of learning at the level of whole course or degree. In Pakistan postgraduate students join the university after completing 10 years of study at school and 4 years of study at college. Postgraduate stud ents who attend university in Pakistan are thus engaged in higher education for a minimum of four years. Their long academic experience means they are in a position to judge the nature and quality of their experiences of learning at university but they are never given a chance to do so except at the unit level and they are not asked about their goals, aspirations and motivations. Research in western higher education systems shows that the students are best placed to comment about many aspects of quality of education and their ratings are considered to be valid, multidimensional and reliable (Marsh, 1987; Ramsden 1991; Leckey Niell, 2001). Many studies have also been conducted on students motivational beliefs and learning in higher education and well developed instruments such as Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) have been employed to explore the motivational beliefs of the students and to study the impact of various other factors on the students experiences of teaching, curriculum and assessment and learning in western higher education. A systematic use of the findings of these studies has provided a strong basis for the improvement of the quality of student learning in higher education (Watson, 2003; Harvey, 2003). Much of the research on student learning and higher education has been conducted in developed countries like the USA, UK and Australia (Watson, 2003; Harvery, 2003, Pascarella Terenzini, 1998; Wilson .Lozzio Ramsden, 1997; Diseth, 2003; Diseth Pallesen, Hoveland Larsen, 2006) with very few studies be conducted in the Asian contexts (see Salili, 1996). No studies of this nature have been conducted in the Pakistani context. However the researchers in the field of motivation and learning have increasingly highlighted the importance of conducting research in different cultural and social contexts (Byrne Flood, 2008; Schunk, Pintrich Meece, 2008; Kaplan Maehr, 2006).According to Pintrich and Zusho (2007) cultural and social context can have mojor effect on the motivational beliefs as well as on the outcomes of education and research is needed to explore whether various models of learning and motivation can be generalized and do the various motivational constructs operate similarly among various cultures. Therefore findings and implications of the research on hig her education in western contexts, need to be explored further in the social, economic and cultural context of Pakistan. Such research is needed to get an insight into motivational profile and learning experiences of the student at the postgraduate level in Pakistan, where the percentage of female students at postgraduate level (53 %) is higher than male students. These figures for females sit in stark contrast to the lower literacy rate for females (39.2%) across the country (Government of Pakistan, 2005) and where future job prospects for qualified people are very low (Husain, 2005).The overall unemployment rate in Pakistan is 7.8 % (Government of Pakistan, 2008) whereas no statistics are available for different groups such as people with bachelors degrees, masters degrees and professional degrees. There is hardly any research conducted in Pakistan that could provide an insight into students motivational beliefs and their experiences of learning at the postgraduate level. A literature search identified just two recent studies about students approaches to learning in higher education in Pakistan. Siddiqui (2006) investigated study approaches of Pakistani students in tertiary institutions by using a revised version of the Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F). The sample comprised 13,331 students who appeared at 15 centers for National Postgraduate Scholarship Examination in December 2003. The results showed that the students predominantly had higher scores on deep approach. No statistically significant differences were observed on the basis of gender, age and highest qualification, but there were significant differences for various fields of study. Akhtar (2007) conducted a comparative study of approaches to study used by students in pre-service teacher education programs at th e University of the Punjab (Lahore), Pakistan and the University of Edinburgh, UK. The study showed that the students from both universities perceived their learning environment in a similar way, but that a surface approach to learning was found to be more dominant among the Pakistani students. Due to lack of research on higher education students in Pakistan, my proposed study of the motivational beliefs and the experiences of learning in various disciplines of study at the University of the Punjab is expected to be the first in Pakistan to investigate the relationship between the motivational beliefs and learning at postgraduate level in Pakistan. This study will provide an understanding of the factors affecting the learning processes at the University of the Punjab and may serve as a basis for the improvement of academic programs and students learning experiences in Pakistani universities more generally. In a range of Western countries, many research studies have established the impact of motivational beliefs on self regulation and educational achievement (Pintrich DeGroot, 1990; Eccles, Wigfield Schiefele, 1998); Pintrich Zusho, 2007) but no research has explored the relationship between motivational beliefs and experiences of learning at postgraduate level. This is a n important issue in Pakistan where postgraduates do not necessarily expect to find suitable work after completion of their qualification. The results of the study will also help to understand and suggest to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, some practical and feasible initiatives to highlight the importance of students views in the current efforts of the Government to enhance the quality of university education. Literature Review The following section discusses and examines the concept of students learning experiences in higher education sector. After a brief review of recent changes in the higher education and how the exploration of student experiences have been used to improve the quality of education, this review discuses various perspectives on learning to provide an account of how experience of learning has been conceptualized so far and what is needed to be explored further to develop our understanding of student learning in higher education. The Changing Face of Higher Education Worldwide there has been shift in the nature, structure, function and the financing of the university system (Biggs, 2003). In universities in developed countries these changes are quite evident through the expansion of technology, more diverse student population, increased demand for accountability and emphasis on research and performance related funding. Studies in Australia and other countries of the world serve to highlight some of the significant changes in the nature of student population over the last decade. For instance, in the UK 21% of full-time students at the start of their degree in 2005 were over the age of 21 (Robotham, 2008). Similarly, Studies by McInnis, James Hartley (2000) in Australia reveal other important changes when they note an increase in the proportion of full-time students who are working part-time and students seeking more choice in the subjects, delivery modes, assessment activities and facilities provided by the universities. Due to this growing diversity of the student population and rapidly changing social, technological and economic contexts, mass systems of the higher education in USA and Australia are now faced with the challenge of complexity of the student learning (James 2001, Pascarella and Terenzizni, 1998). According to Biggs (2003) a greater proportion of school leavers with diverse experiences, socio- economic status and cultural backgrounds are now joining higher education, they have to pay more tuition fees, study in large class sizes with fewer teachers and have to choose from more vocationally oriented courses. While discussing the challenge of the growing diversity of the student population and the influences of a number of demographic, institutional, economic and technological forces in the context of the USA, Pascarella and Terenzizni (1998) argue that these changes have significant implications for understanding the impact of college on students and require us to rethink about students experiences of learning. They further argue that these challenges require us to rethink students experiences of learning and redefine the outcomes of college and university education. In developed and developing countries like Pakistan more students are now aspiring to join institutions of higher education and there is a significant increase in the number of universities accommodating this new student population. Over the course of the later part of the twentieth century there was a world wide expansion of higher education institutions and enrollments. In 1900 roughly 500,000 students were enrolled in higher education institutions world wide, representing only one percent of college age population, whereas by the year 2000, this number had grown two hundredfold to approximately 100 million people, or 20 percent of the cohort worldwide (Schofer Meyer, 2005). At the time of the creation of Pakistan in 1947, there were only two universities, but after 1999-2000 there was a sharp increase in the number of public and private universities as the government showed the clear commitment to improving the higher education (Government of Pakistan 2004)., There was a significant increase in the spending on tertiary education (15.7% of the total Ed. Expenditure). At present there are 67 universities in public sector in Pakistan and 57 in the private. Despite the fact that only 3.7 percent of the 18 to 23 age cohort participates in higher education, the student enrollment at the University of the Punjab alone has increased from 10,000 to 30,000 over the last eight years (Iqbal, 2008). There are no empirical studies and little literature available on the demographic and economic characteristics, expectations, and experiences of students in Pakistani higher education institutions. To sum up, it can be said that as a consequence of the changes in the nature and context of higher education, the relationship between universities and students has also changed (James, 2001). Further, learning at university has become far more complex than it has been before. With the changing face of higher education, the factors that can have an impact on student learning in higher education have also become manifold, including personal factors (e.g. age, gender, prior experience and motivation of students) and contextual factors (e.g. teaching and learning activities, courses and content of study, facilities, resources and social environment. In other words, the impacts of wider changes in the context of higher education appear to be filtering down to the level of the individual student. Student Views and Quality of Higher Education Changes in the nature and provision of higher education have meant that the collection of feedback from students and the importance of students views and experiences of learning is on the agenda world wide. Students evaluations of courses and teaching are considered to be an important measure and indicator of educational quality (Marsh, 1987; Leckey Neill, 2001, Harvey, 2003). Universities in the UK, USA and Australia regularly collect student feedback to improve the quality of higher education. According to Leckey and Neill (2001) many papers have been written about students evaluation of teaching quality and many authors (such as Marsh, 1987, Kuh, 1999, Vesper Kuh, 1997) have published the review of these thereby supporting the continuing use of student evaluations. The importance of student feedback to universities can be seen in the growth of student involvement in university decision-making. For example in Sweden the Swedish government passed a bill in 2000 to give representat ion to students in university decision-making bodies (Swedish Government, 1999) In the UK a variety of mechanisms is being used both at the local level (faculty, school, course, and module) and institutional level (for example, graduate surveys) to get students feedback (Leckey Neill, 2001). At the national level, student surveys were introduced in 2005, to collect feedback from students on the quality of courses in order to contribute to public accountability, as well as to help inform the choices of future applicants coming to higher education (Harvey, 2003). In the USA there are three major types of surveys used to gather data on students experiences of learning, namely the College Student Experience Questionnaire (used since 1983 by about 500 colleges and universities), the College Students Expectation Questionnaire (used since 1996, with over 61,000 students at more than 60 institutions) and the National Survey of Student Engagement (began in 1998). The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) obtains, on an annual basis, information about student participation in programs and activities that institutions provide for their learning and personal development. The results provide an estimate of how undergraduates spend their time and what they gain from attending college (NSSE, 2003). Similarly, in Australia, since 1993 all graduates in universities have been invited annually to complete the Course Experience Questionnaire. As a result of various investigations and analyses of these surveys since then, many important aspects (e.g quality of teaching, availability of recourses and social climate of the institutions) of learning in higher education have been discovered. Differences in students evaluations have been noted within different subject areas and disciplines (Ramsden, 2003). The Graduate career Council of Australia (GCCA) considers students perceptions of curriculum, instruction and assessment as key determinants of their approach to learning and the quality of the outcomes of that learning. The CEQ is considered a valuable instrument for the purpose of improving the quality of teaching in universities and also for informing student choice, managing institutional performance and promoting accountability of the higher education sector (McInnis, Griffin, Jame s Coates, 2001). A synthesis of the literature from the above section shows that students self reported surveys and questionnaires are the most commonly used method for getting feedback from students and evaluating their experiences of learning. Self report questionnaires are considered to be very useful for assessing those outcomes of higher education that can not be measured by achievement tests (Kuh Vesper, 1997, Watson, 2003). Further Pike (1995) has argued that self reports of experiences were found to be highly correlated with relevant achievement test scores. The literature shows that student evaluation of teaching quality in higher education is a well-recognised practice in the developed countries. There has been growing support for the use of student satisfaction surveys as an indicator of teaching quality (Alridge Rowley, 1998). Furthermore, Murray (1997) reports that the use of these surveys has led to measurable improvements in teaching quality. As such, student feedback can be used as an effective tool for quality enhancement. Harvey (1995) also emphasised that student satisfaction goes hand in hand with the development of a culture of continuous quality improvement. In contrast to developed countries the concept of inclusion of the students in the mechanisms of quality improvement is comparatively new to the developing countries like Pakistan. Currently students evaluations of the individual teachers at the University of the Punjab, Pakistan are generally used as a means of providing feedback to the teachers rather than as means o f improving the quality of student learning. According to Byrne and Flood (2004) the evaluation of teaching at the course level (i.e. full course of study such as degree program) rather than at individual unit/module level is more positively accepted by staff and is considered to be more appropriate for maintaining and enhancing quality at institution level .My study of students experiences of learning may provide basis for the development of a systematic way of obtaining student feedback at the level of whole course/degree, on regular basis and to use it as a means for the improvement of quality of student learning at University of the Punjab. The Contemporary Perspectives on Learning Experiences The experience of joining an institution of higher education is a significant event or turning point for an individual (Wintage, 2007), in that it provides for a transition to another stage of education and life experiences. Research indicates that the early experiences of students in higher education systems are vital in establishing attitudes and outlooks that are carried forward throughout the course and that these views and beliefs are critical to success (Wintage, 2007). However, these effects sometimes do not show themselves until the second year of a program of study or even later (Wright, 1982). Most of the research on learning in higher education has been focused on the undergraduate students, while postgraduate students have been a comparatively neglected group (Lindsay, Breen Jenkins, 2002). Although a substantial number of studies (see Schevens, 2003; Meyer Kiley; 1998; Rowley Slack, 1998; Haggis, 2002) have been conducted with postgraduate research students and intern ational postgraduate students exploring the issues of cultural and academic adjustment in international universities, it is hard to find studies specifically conducted to explore the experiences of postgraduate students enrolled in taught degrees which is the case in Pakistan. However the research on various aspects of higher education has lead to a better understanding of student experiences of learning (i.e students needs, problems, preferences and choices) in higher education. Learning in higher education is considered to be complex and multidimensional in nature and it has been viewed from various perspectives as discussed in the following section. Approaches to Learning Perspective The origins of approaches to learning perspective can be traced back to a series of studies conducted by Marton and Sà ¤ljà ¶ in the late 1970s (Cuthbert, 2005). Using phenomenography, these researchers looked at the qualitative aspects of the university students learning. The group of researchers under this perspective focused on the outcomes of learning and described different categories of learning outcomes in terms of the intentions of the students in starting a learning task and the process used to carry out those tasks. Originally two approaches i.e. deep and surface were formulated by Marton and Saljo (1976) and subsequent research by Entwistle and Ramsden (1983) added to this pair the strategic approach. This perspective has provided an explanation of various outcomes exhibited by students. For example, a surface approach to learning was associated with a focus on rote learning, memorisation and reproduction, a lack of reflection, a preoccupation with completing the task an d extrinsic value, whereas a deep approach was associated with holistic style with an intention to understand, the use of a wide variety of information and intrinsic value (Entwistle Tait, 1990). Approaches to learning comprise both what students do (when learning) and why they do it. After the qualitative and experimental work carried out by Marton and Saljo in 1976, Entwisle and Ramsden (1983) and Biggs (1987) were considered to be among the first to develop quantitative tools such as Course Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), Approaches to Study Inventory (ASI) and the Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) for looking at a broader sample of university students approaches to learning. According to Entwistle (1997) the approaches to learning perspective drew attention to the outcomes of learning, which are congruent with the aims of teaching and made us think about the quality of learning in higher education. This perspective is also considered to have provided a great deal of knowledge about leaning in higher education (Case, 2008). Whereas Cuthbert (2005) says that the approaches to learning perspective provided knowledge about differences in the quality of engagement of the learner such as, learning for understanding, learning for reproduction or learning for achievement and that the learners approach to the learning task is dependent upon his/her conscious choices for learning. He further says that intentions for different tasks depend upon the nature of the task and the context; therefore it is possible to manipulate students intentions and achievement by manipulating the task and the context of learning. There have also been several criticisms of the approaches to learning perspective. One argument is that this perspective pays too much attention to the learning context and too little attention to the importance of student context such as cognitive issues, gender and past experience (Cuthbert, 2005). Therefore it is considered to have greater impact on teachers to improve their practice (Prosser Trigwell, 1997). Similarly the recent longitudinal study conducted by Case and Gunstone, (2006) pointed out the limitations of the approaches to learning perspective in ignoring the influence of students emotional condition, awareness, control, motivation, and end goals. Similarly, I am concerned about the limitations of our understanding that result from these studies that rather narrowly conceive of the students learning experiences. My study is designed to explore how students perceive their learning experiences taking into account personal factors such as gender, motivational beliefs, personal goals and career aspirations. Alienation and Engagement Perspective In response to the criticism of the limited scope of the approaches to learning perspective, Mann (2001) proposed the concepts of alienation and engagement and argued that these provide a broader and more contextualized picture of the learning experience. The concept of alienation has been very narrowly defined in the literature. Several authors (Mann, 2001; Case, 2008) have referred the concept of alienation as the state or experience of being isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved (Oxford English Dictionary). In explaining the concept of alienation Mann (2001) has pointed out that several factors, such as current socio-cultural conditions, pre-existing experiences, cost to individual, loss of creativity, distribution of power, and assessment practices lead to student alienation while learning in higher education. He argued that we should reframe our view of students experiences of learning, from a focus on surface/strategi c/deep approaches to learning to a focus on alienated or engaged experiences of learning in higher education. In contrast to alienation, engagement is concerned with point of intersection between individuals and things that are critical for learning (Coates, 2006). While discussing the concept of engagement Fredricks, Blumenfeld Paris (2004) refer to three types of engagement: behavioral engagement, emotional engagement and cognitive engagement with each type being associated with positive academic outcomes and persistence in education. Several factors such as classroom structure, relationship with peers and teachers, nature of task, assessment type, autonomy and support in learning, previous grades, family background and available facilities are considered to have an impact on the nature and quality of engagement in learning (Fredricks et al, 2004; Case, 2008). The concept of student engagement is considered to be a useful means for assessing and responding to the significant dynamics, challenges and opportunities facing higher education institutions (AUSSE, 2008). This concept has recently gained considerable significance in the discussions about quality in education (Fredricks et al, 2004; AUSSE, 2008) and important reflections of this are to be found in the USA National Survey of student Engagement (NSSE) (NSSE, 2003) which started in 1999 and Australian Survey of Student Engagement (AUSSE, 2008) conducted for the first time in 2007. Although AUSSE and NSSE provide an insight in to the student learning in higher education by evaluating the experiences of academic challenge, active learning, relationships with staff, learning support and work integrated learning, they do not take account of motivational beliefs of the students, and how these impact on the students experience of learning in higher education. Though the concepts of alienation and engagement as discussed above and provide a useful picture of aspects of student learning in higher education, the critical dimension of how the students experience is formed and the students motivational profiles are not taken into account. Despite a great deal of knowledge and research about engagement there are several gaps in the literature and the definitions of the construct, measures and designs do not capitalize on what the concept of engagement can offer about learning (Fredricks et al, 2004). Therefore students experiences of learning and motivational beliefs need further exploration. The role of motivation in learning has been well established through extensive research at almost all educational levels (Schunk, 1982; Pintrich De Groot, 1990; Eccles, Wigfield, Harold Bluemenfeld, 1993). Motivation is the process by which goal-directed activity is instigated and sustained (Schunk,et al, 2008). Motivation can influence what, when and how we learn (Schunk et al, 2008) and it bears a reciprocal relationship to learning and performance (Pintrich, 2003; Shunck, 1995). Though the perspectives discussed above take into consideration the various aspects of learning higher education, the impact of motivational factors on the experiences of learning in higher education needs further exploration and research. Experiences of Learning from the Perspective of Motivational Beliefs In higher education, the experiences of learning can only be partially understood if the motivational beliefs of the students are not taken into account. There is thus a need to explore students experiences of learning in the context of motivation for learning. There have been several interpretations of the motivational beliefs of students, however in the literature on student motivation three motivational constructs of expectancy, value and effect are most widely referred to (Bandura, 1997; Pintrich and De Groot, 1990; Pintrich and Schunk, 2002; Wigfield and Eccles, 2000). These constructs have their roots in the social cognitive theory and work on the postulate that motivational processes influence both learning and performance (Schunk, 1995). Several achievement motivation theorists have attempted to explain peoples choice of achievement tasks, persistence on those tasks, vigor in carrying them out and performance on them (Eccles et al, 1998; Pintrich Schunk, 1996). One longstanding perspective on motivation is expectancy-value theory. In general expectancy-value theorists consider behavior choice, persistence and performance to be a function of the degree to which individuals judge their capabilities to perform designated courses of action (expectancy) and how they value these activities. According to expectancy-value theory three motivational components are very signifi

Hemp Rediscovered :: essays papers

Hemp Rediscovered â€Å"Make the most of the hemp seed and sow it every where,† a quote by George Washington in 1794 (qtd. In â€Å"Get the Scoop†). In early American history hemp was an essential crop, it was used to make rope, sails, lamp oil, and almost anything else. Henry ford built a car out of hemp than ran on hemp fuel oil. The original Levi jeans were fashioned out of hemp fibers. And even the first drafts of the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution were written on hemp paper (â€Å"Get The Scoop†). In fact, hemp was one of the largest produced crops in the US until it’s demise in 1937 under the Marihuana Tax Act. This act of congress was aimed at Americas newest enemy, marijuana or cannabis sativa C, but the bill also criminalized the cultivation of marijuana’s cousin cannabis sativa L, commonly referred to as hemp. Hemp had one more day in the spot light in 1942 when it was called into battle in World War II under a flag that read à ¢â‚¬Å"Hemp for victory† (â€Å"About†). The Tax Act was quickly reenacted after the war and hemp has not been grown legally on American soil since. The reason hemp is such a valuable plant, is that it grows fast, dense, and easily. The germination period for hemp is about one hundred days depending on the application for which it is being used (â€Å"About†). In comparison with other cash crops this is good, but in comparison with some of the resources it can replace, such as trees and fossil fuel, there is nothing better. Hemp provides a much higher yield than other American cash crops, and can be used for so many things that it’s market value should remain stable with increased production. Also, hemp can be grown without pesticides and it actually replenishes the soil so it can be rotated with other crops to produce higher yields of bath (Field 1). The maintainability of the hemp industry relies on demand, but with hemp’s 25,000 different uses this is no great barrier (â€Å"About†). With current processing technology every part of the cannabis sativa L plant is useful. The seeds can he hulled and used in food for flavor and as a protein supplement. These seeds can also be crushed into hemp-seed oil which is used as lamp oil or as a moisturizing ingredient in cosmetics and soaps.

Macroeconomics in US

US Economy is a mixed economy where the private sector plays a major role in economic activity and the role of government is minimal compared to other industrialized countries like Great Britain, Germany, France, Spain, Netherlands, Scandinavian Countries and East European countries. However after the Great depression in1930’s the government at least used monetary and fiscal policy to achieve the macroeconomic objectives of full-employment, price stability External balance and non-inflationary economic growth. However the reliance on the above macroeconomic policy varied from one administration to the next after world war II as well the orientation towards fiscal and monetary policy to control or stabilize the economy or in other words there is controversy among economist whether the fiscal and monetary policy will actually work in practice and to the extent to its effectiveness in stabilizing the economy or whether these policies may be counter productive to the market economies and the causes of economic cycles and explanation of the causes of the great depression at least among US economist or among economist in general. However even with these controversies and differing perspectives how the economic variables relate and the differing confidence of market mechanisms to come to equilibrium at full employment if the market is allowed to work without any interference the monetary authorities intervene in the economy to correct market failure and other externalities or for some political and welfare reasons. In this context it is necessary to consider the effectiveness of these policies in the context of empirical evidence and give due  consideration of the structural or institutional framework and the market conditions particularly the labor market conditions in US in goods markets as well as in the financial market structure and workings within the context of global economic interdependencies between economies in the contemporary economic climate as well as how the agents react or form expectation about inflation as well as the political imperatives influencing policy orientation in US. In macroeconomic policy development in the context of the US political institutional structure and political process as well as the probability of economic shocks and political shocks in other parts and how these affects the occurrence of   volatility in economic performance and the current concerns of environmental issues and the cost and benefits and the impact of regulation on the level of economic activity and the rate of economic growth fluctuation and its predictability or uncertainty in forecasting economic outlook for short, medium term . As well the cost of oil and the political instability in the middle east and how the energy issue is addressed in US by the market mechanism will definitely affect the economic performance in a macroeconomic perspective for US in the future and the importance or other wise of macroeconomic policies or the status of macroeconomics in general as opposed to neoclassical economics or microeconomics foundation or neoclassical monetarist perspectives and less preference to fiscal policies and micro economic reform or supply-side economics and minimal interference by government in the market operation. The effectiveness of Fiscal and Monetary policy in US In context of US economic system and the flexibility of markets to responds to changes in demand and supply and other economic information particularly the labor market flexibility in the US compared to other industrialized countries and historically less preference of economic agents for government to be interfere in the market and in its political institutions suggests that rational expectation theory may be mostly applicable to US and there fore the effectiveness of Fiscal and monetary policy may be less effective in US compared to other industrialized countries and microeconomic reform polices and neoclassical monetary theory may be most applicable in the US context. However the expectation formation in reality is not completely rational and adaptation may also be not rational completely and there fore at least in short term monetary policy may be effective in controlling the rate of inflation in the context of US economy and keep the inflation target at optimum level. In practice the monetary and fiscal policy has time lag to work in practice and there fore if they are used to stabilize the economy because of the time lag it takes to work it may increase the cyclical boom bust pattern of economic development and there fore loose its credibility particularly the discretionary fiscal and monetary policy in reducing unemployment or controlling inflation. Or it may be achieving low unemployment at a very high rate of inflation or low inflation at a high level of  unemployment in the short term and in long term the economy will move towards the original level because of the market incorporates all expectation rationally and moves to  the non-accelerated Inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) as well flexibility in the labor market to a greater extent because of less stringent regulation of labor market in US compared to say for example Germany or other advanced European economies. However fiscal, and monetary policy has worked in short term in context of high unemployment at least after the great depression for some time in the 1990’s and still has a role to play at least to control inflation and response to inflationary shocks by monetary policy. In summary given the empirical evidence and the market characteristics of US and the Institutional frame work politically and socially the macroeconomic polices effectiveness suggests in practice to be less effective in US context. Conclusion As discussed above in US Macroeconomics is considered at least in terms of its usefulness to some extent achieve its macroeconomic objectives. However the effectiveness of such policies and the controversy among economists in regards to trade –off between economic variables and its relationships in US context reduces its importance and move towards to microeconomic foundations of Says Low or neo macroeconomic foundations and far from Keynesian Economics of fiscal policy particularly the discretionary fiscal policy and deficit financing to reduce unemployment because of market failure. This to some extent due to Friedman monetary revolution in US and  cased doubt about the inflationary outcomes of fiscal policy and crowding out effect and its impact on interest rat and its effect on investment level and there fore not increasing output and employment level but on prices. In addition as discussed above due to the political institutional structure and expectation formation in US the macroeconomic  foundations are contentious in US. In addition the flexibility of labor market and other markets in US suggests that market may work in an opposite direction to nullify the impact of these policies on macro economic variables such as employment level and inflation and increases the adoption of microeconomic reform and supply-side economics to address economic growth, unemployment, price stability and external balance rather than only relying on macroeconomic policies and macroeconomic theories which has many controversies and diverse policy prescriptions to address any macroeconomic objective and the trade-off between these objectives and the relationships between economic variables. Given the macroeconomic knowledge how an economy works is incomplete and its predicts are far from certain. There foe given the arguments and the discussion it can be said macroeconomics in US has a role to play in formulating polices in the future however given the practical issues of macroeconomic policy effectiveness micro foundations of economy may become important in the future in context of US market conditions and flexibility as well as how expectations are formed and adaptations of expectations in practice and political institutional and political orientation towards a free market perspective. Bibliography Brayton. F, Mauskpf. E, Reifschneider. D, Tinsley. P, Williams. J. (1997). The Role of Expectations in FRB/US macroeconomic model. Federal Reserve Bulletin. Retrieved March, 2, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4126/is_n4_v83/ai_19405190 Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. (1997). What is the Optimal Rate of Inflation?. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Reteived march 2, 2007, from http://www.frbsf.org/econrsrch/wklyltr/el97-27.html Fiscal and monetary policy – comparisons (n.d). Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/fiscalpolicy/fiscal_monetary_comparison.htm Palley. T. (1998). Zero is not the Optimal rate of Inflation. Challenge, 41, 1, Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001329648 Roach.S. (2006). Global economy, Chinese economic policy, US hosing slump, Money Week. Retrieved March 2, 2007, from http://www.moneyweek.com/file/21503/the-two-key-issues-facing-the-global-economy.html                           

Desensitization of Murder in The Lottery Essay - 1078 Words

On the Desensitization of Murder in The Lottery When someone is a part of or witnesses any one thing enough times, that person will become desensitized to it, whether it is gradually accepting abortion, homosexuality or anything else for that matter. People can even become accustomed to violent murder if it is ingrained into their lives enough. Take the Einsatzgruppen (Nazi Officers that were partly responsible for the death of millions) The Lithuanians showed them how to murder women and children, and they became accustomed to it (Cesarani 165). Shirley Jackson most certainly takes this desensitization into account when she writes The Lottery. The characters in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery are so accustomed to their tradition of†¦show more content†¦?The people had done it so many times that they only half-listened to the directions The villager?s passiveness towards the lottery shows, not only that they don?t want to be there, but that the lottery is just another task they need to mark off of their to-do lists. In actua lity, the lottery is a tuned-way of choosing someone to die, but the villagers are so desensitized to it, that they fancy the lottery as nothing more than an errand that they must complete. Secondly, the villagers small-talk, giggle and the children play throughout the story, as if one of their brothers or sisters are not about to be brutally killed. During the entire lottery proceedings, the villagers laugh and the children play despite the seriousness of their situation. The children playing with their murder weapons before the lottery begins really show how little the people care about the lottery anymore: ?Most have become completely desensitized to the murderous rituals. In paragraph two, the children are so desensitized that they are actually enjoying themselves while they are collecting rocks as a sadistic prize for the lottery?s winner. Although they are very young they remember some aspects of the ritual. Bobby Martin stuffs his pockets full of stones as if it were money and not a murder weapon. Three of the villager?s children eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against raids of the other boys. The children know that they areShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery vs the Destructors Essay examples1046 Words   |  5 PagesThesis In Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery†, and Graham Greene’s â€Å"The Destructors†, the author creates a story filled with symbolism, irony, grim reality, and a ritualized tradition that masks evil, which ultimately showcases how people blindly follow tradition. Outline I. Introduction II. Setting B. Time Period III. Plot A. What messages are seen inRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesreassurance when thoughts about harming the child recur in the future. Prior to the mid-1960s there was no effective psychological or pharmacological intervention for OCD. Applications of early behavioral techniques to OCD, such as systematic desensitization, modeling, operant reinforcement, aversion relief, and relaxation therapy, produced modest and rather mixed benefits (Emmelkamp, 1982; Foa, Franklin, Kozak, 1998; Kozak Foa, 1997). However, in 1966 Victor Meyer described a behavioral treatment