Financial accounting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial accounting - Research Proposal Example Asset Liabilities Equity Income Expenses. UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS Two core assumptions applied while making financial statements are: 1. Accrual Basis: Accrual basis of accounting record the revenues when realized and incur expense when they occur. All the income and expenses are recorded in the accounting record when they actually occur not at the time when cash has flown in or out of the business activity. Therefore in accrual base accounting all the records are reported in the financial statements in the period to which they relate to. Example: Following example adopted from Gibson, Charles H., 1998. Financial Statement Analysis: Using Financial Accounting Information, 7th Ed. South Western. Slight numerical values have been altered. Suppose: 1. Manufacturing concern sold merchandise for $15,000 on credit this year. This merchandise cost $900 when purchased last year. 2. It purchases inventory this year in the amount of $20,000 on credit. 3. Paid to suppliers f merchandise $13,000 this year. 4. Collects cash sales $7,000. Accrual Basis Cash Basis Sales $ 15,000 COGS $ 9,000 Income $ 6,000 Receipts (inflow) $ 7,000 Payment (outflow) $ 13,000 Loss ($ 6,000) It is seen that accrual basis shows a profitable position where else cash basis indicates a loss. Cash basis doesn't indicate the time period for the recognition of revenue and occurrence of cost. It shows the cash inflows and outflows. For this purpose separate statement is prepared whish shows the cash position and named as Statement of Cash flow. When using accrual basis of accounting,...The end users of the financial statements can be customers, investors, suppliers, government agencies, student body, economist or general public. The International Accounting Standard Board, a privately owned body based in London presented a document in July 1989 which became framework for the preparation & presentation of financial statements. On this framework all the IAS are based and determine the financial statement preparation and the information they contain. Accrual basis of accounting record the revenues when realized and incur expense when they occur. All the income and expenses are recorded in the accounting record when they actually occur not at the time when cash has flown in or out of the business activity. Therefore in accrual base accounting all the records are reported in the financial statements in the period to which they relate to. It is seen that accrual basis shows a profitable position where else cash basis indicates a loss. Cash basis doesn't indicate the time period for the recognition of revenue and occurrence of cost. It shows the cash inflows and outflows. For this purpose separate statement is prepared whish shows the cash position and named as Statement of Cash flow. Going concern assumption believes that business entities will remain in business for indefinite period of time. That the operations will continue in the future years.

Competitive brand management plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Competitive brand management plan - Assignment Example The brand activation at this occasion will allow the Co operative healthy brand to build strong relationship with the consumers by helping them to form New Year’s resolution regarding healthy eating and lifestyle. This will also make it easy for the Co operative healthy brand to develop direct associations in the mind of the customers between healthy eating and the Co operative healthy brand. Background Situation: There has been drastic increase in the overall obesity rate all over the globe. In the region of UK around quarter of the adult population are classified as obese (NHS, 2012). This in turn has increased the health concerns among the people. The consumers are shifting towards healthier lifestyle and are giving preference to the healthy and balanced food items as shown in the image below: (Kimmell, 2009) There has been growing shift in the overall consumer purchase behaviour as consumers are giving preference to the foods and drinks which are providing more health bene fits as shown in the image below: (Datamonitor, 2009) This increasing preference for the healthy food items has provided opportunity to the health retailers and supermarkets to provide the customers with different health foods. This in turn has given rise to different own health brands. Co operative food healthy brand is also competing in this category and is trying to increase the market penetration and improve the overall brand image. Brand Positioning: Brand positioning is used in order to present and describe the competitive advantage of a particular brand against other competitors in the industry. This means that brand positioning presents how the brand will compete with the competitors in effective and efficient manner. It is important to keep in consideration different elements and factors in order to come up with effective and long lasting brand positioning (Kapferer, 2008). Goals and Objectives: The goal of the co operative healthy brand is to become the most preferred heal thy brand in the region by increasing overall awareness of its healthy products and encouraging the consumers to shift towards healthy life style and eating. For achieving this goal certain brand objectives have to be fulfilled, which are as follow: The co operative healthy brand should increase the interaction with consumers in order to improve the overall brand awareness and image The co operative healthy brand should provide customers with more value and benefits The co operative food have to provide more promotion and shelf space to its own healthy brands The co operative food healthy brand should improve the overall brand experience of the customers Brand Inventory: It is important for the brand to maintain and manage attractive and easy to access brand inventory in order to increase the brand interaction and awareness. The brand inventory can include brand colour, the logo, tag line, and even the physical location (Keller, 2008). The Co operative food and healthy brand use gre en and other fresh colours